|
Samoa, formally the Independent State of Samoa, has a population of approximately 188,000 people.〔(2010 Human Rights Reports: Samoa (US State Department) )〕 Samoa gained independence from New Zealand in 1962〔Universal Periodic Review: Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: Samoa A/HRC/WG.6/11/WSM/1 (2–13 May 2011), para 2, 11-12, 43-44, 46, 49, 51-53, 57, 69, 70-71〕 and has a Westminster model of parliamentary democracy which incorporates aspects of traditional practices.〔Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights, Pacific Humanitarian Protection Cluster, Human Rights Monitoring of Persons Internally Displaced by the 2009 Tsunami in Samoa (2010) at p 8, 9〕 The Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP) is currently in government and has been so for over 20 years.〔 While the Constitution of the Independent State of Samoa provides for the protection of certain fundamental human rights, there continue to be several major issues. Major areas of concern include the under-representation of women, domestic violence and poor prison conditions. Reports issued under the auspices of the United Nations have noted that societal attitudes towards human rights tend to be sceptical, this is contributed to concern that that enforcement of such rights will be at the detriment of Samoan customs and tradition.〔 ==International treaty obligations== Samoa is a member of the United Nations and has also ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the eight fundamental conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO).〔These include Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948 (No. 87); Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98); Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29); Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105); Equal Remuneration Convention, 1950 (No. 100); Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111); Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) see ()〕 In 2012 Samoa ratified the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (CPPED). Due to limited resources, Samoa has previously failed to issue reports within the designated time frames of the conventions.〔New Zealand Law Commission, Converging Currents: Custom and Human Rights in the Pacific (2006) at 5.35〕 For example, Samoa submitted its initial, second and third periodic reports under CEDAW as one document in May 2003 when they were due in 1993, 1997 and 2001 respectively.〔 Concern has been expressed in regard to Samoa’s limited incorporation of treaty obligations into its national law. For example, in 2005 CEDAW voiced concern over the lack of a time frame for reform of domestic legislation in conformity with the convention.〔Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Thirty-second session 10–28 January 2005 at () ()〕 In response to recommendations,〔Universal Periodic Review: Summary of Stakeholder Submissions: Samoa A/HRC/ WG.6/11/WSM/3 (2–13 May 2011), para 7, 12-13, 15-16, 21, 27-29〕 Samoa issued a standing invitation to all United Nations Special Procedures Mandate Holders in 2011.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human rights in Samoa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|